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Book Review :: The Upstate by Lindsay Turner

Review by Jami Macarty

The title of Lindsay Turner’s second collection of poetry, The Upstate, locates the poems and the reader in the northwesternmost area of South Carolina. For those unfamiliar with this region, the term “upstate” may evoke other meanings such as standing, lifted, constructed, ready. These adjectives suggest the complicated realities of geographic capitalism and resource exploitation prevalent in American landscapes. From references to “clearcut” forests to a “paper mill,” the haunting essence of the “land unanswerable beneath the haze—”

Despite hazy disorientation, Turner invites us to examine what is in our “peripherals.” As “a person who believes in the value of intelligence,” she dons a headlamp and attempts to “find the verb for how you lost” and articulates the destruction of a place and people that she witnesses. But Turner does not write “at a remove”; she is our accomplice. And we are hers, because the crisis is ours. “We all did it.”

“The question is who does your money come from
The question is whose loss
The question is whose loves are torn like wet paper for your money
Whose lines are crossed by it
Who can’t live the thing she wants which is good and reasonable
Because of your money”

As Turner seeks orientation and perspective to “get at the truth of it,” she climbs “up a mountain” — another interpretation of “upstate”— and what she sees is devastating: “The only being on the rocky outcrop, some things present in their outlines while the others sink into the sea. The other things dissolve in toxic fog. The other things are sold in pieces so small you couldn’t recognize.” These days “heavy days,” struggling with what it means to live in a “bleak” state.

In The Upstate, Lindsay Turner “has a different song about being out of place.” A downstate. She sings to us, “Whose lives are rubbled,” acknowledging how “distanced” we are from “the garden.”


The Upstate by Lindsay Turner. The University of Chicago Press, October 2023.

Reviewer bio: Jami Macarty is the author of The Long Now Conditions Permit, winner of the 2023 Test Site Poetry Series Prize (forthcoming University of Nevada Press), and The Minuses (Center for Literary Publishing, 2020), winner of the 2020 New Mexico/Arizona Book Award – Poetry Arizona. Jami’s four chapbooks include The Whole Catastrophe (Vallum Chapbook Series, 2024) and Mind of Spring (Vallum Chapbook Series, 2017), winner of the 2017 Vallum Chapbook Award. To learn more about Jami’s writing, editing, and teaching practices, visit her author website.

Book Review :: Freeman’s Challenge by Robin Bernstein

Review by Eleanor J. Bader

When Auburn State Prison opened in 1816, prisoners were forced to do unpaid work in several for-profit industries: making furniture or manufacturing carpets, combs, carriage lamps, or animal harnesses. Harvard history professor Robin Bernstein calls it “penal capitalism,” and her riveting book, Freeman’s Challenge: The Murder that Shook America’s Original Prison for Profit, tells the story of inmate William Freeman, a free-born Black teenager who was incarcerated from 1840-1845 for stealing a horse, a crime he denied.

From the start, Freeman bristled at having to labor without pay and opposed the prison’s nighttime solitary confinement, enforced silence, beatings, and water torture for worksite infractions. His resistance escalated after a guard battered Freeman so severely that his eardrum shattered and his temporal bone was damaged. This left him deaf and intellectually impaired – but still so enraged that he sued the prison for unlawful imprisonment and back wages after he was released. The lawsuit failed. Likewise, his attempts to find gainful employment.

Frustrated, Freeman began collecting weapons and in March 1846, he entered the home of George and Mary Van Nest, white people he barely knew, and killed both adults and a child. He then went to another home and killed again. Although Freeman subsequently tried to escape, he was quickly apprehended.

Freeman’s trial pitted those who favored execution against those who favored life imprisonment and prompted a slew of racially charged arguments about Black moral depravity and inferiority. Moreover, whether Freeman was insane, inherently criminal, or a victim of anti-Black prejudice took center stage. Freeman never testified. Although he was sentenced to hang, he died of tubercular phthisis at age 22.

Bernstein masterfully transports contemporary readers to the 19th century and details how popular culture sensationalized the murders and trial. She also depicts the city of Auburn’s development and charts the benefits of the prison economy for local townspeople.

Two hundred-plus years later, prisons continue to benefit. Auburn is now the oldest continually operating maximum-security prison in the US; today’s inmates earn just 65 cents per hour for their labor.


Freeman’s Challenge: The Murder that Shook America’s Original Prison for Profit by Robin Bernstein. University of Chicago Press, May 2024.

Reviewer bio: Eleanor J. Bader is a Brooklyn, NY-based journalist who writes about books and domestic social issues for Truthout, Rain Taxi, The Progressive, Ms. Magazine, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and The Indypendent.